Fig. 2

CRD treatment reversed the effects of HG on cell viability and apoptosis in HK-2 cells. HK‑2 cells were incubated with NG, OC or HG for 24 h. HG-cultured HK-2 cells were pre-incubated with different doses of CRD (0, 20, 50, and 100 µM) for 1 h. A The chemical structural formula of CRD. B Cell viability was determined using MTT, n = 6. C, D The proliferative ability of HK-2 cells was examined by EdU staining assay, bar, 50 μm, n = 3. E Western blotting analysis was performed to analyze the protein expression of PCNA and cyclin D1 (n = 3, β-Actin, loading control). F, G Flow cytometry analysis and quantitative analysis of total apoptotic cells, n = 5. H, I TUNEL assay determined level of apoptosis of HK-2 cells, scale bar, 50 μm, n = 3. J Western blot analysis of apoptosis related proteins (Bcl-2, BAX, and Cl-Caspase-3) (n = 3, β-Actin, loading control). Data are expressed as mean ± SD, ns, no significance, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01